Areas and forms of public control over the activities of executive bodies
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The effectiveness of public control over the activities of executive authorities in Ukraine is limited by fragmented legislation and the lack of a single, comprehensive statute. This complicates the organisation of public participation instruments and their practical implementation. At the same time, the expansion of public policy areas in which society expects accountability and transparency requires the clear classification of control instruments and the determination of their legal nature. The study aims to identify fundamental approaches to understanding and classifying the forms of public control over executive authorities, and to define their groups, classification criteria and relationship with applicable legislation. This study uses a normative-dogmatic analysis of constitutional and administrative legislation, a comparative analysis of democratic states' foreign experience, and systemic-structural and classification approaches. It also uses a functional analysis of the mechanisms for applying forms of public control in public administration. Using a comprehensive methodological approach allows us to examine forms of public control in their systemic unity, interconnection and practical operation, rather than in isolation. The study substantiates that the forms of public control differ in their legal nature and implementation mechanisms, and that they should be examined as an integrated system. A classification is proposed based on: (i) mode of implementation (institutional, participatory, information and communication); (ii) timing (preventive or retrospective); and (iii) content of measures (consultative, information-analytical, expert-evaluative, supervisory, complaint-based, rights-protective, judicial, communication-educational, initiative and advocacy, digital oversight and mediation/consensus-building). The integrative role of public expertise, public consultations, access to public information and the citizens' appeals mechanism is demonstrated.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Bila-Tiurina, Y. Z. (2021). Citizens’ appeals as a means of ensuring legality in public administration [Zvernennia hromadian yak zasib zabezpechennia zakonnosti u publichnomu administruvanni]. In S. V. Kivalov (Ed.), Science and social life of Ukraine in the era of global challenges of humanity in the digital age (Vol. 2, pp. 29–32). Helvetyka Publishing House.
DoZorro. (n.d.). Public oversight of public procurement [Hromadsʹkyi kontrolʹ derzhzakupivelʹ]. https://dozorro.org/
Haponenko, L. V. (2015). Public control over the activities of executive authorities: Essence and mechanisms of implementation [Hromadsʹkyi kontrolʹ za diialʹnistiu orhaniv vykonavchoi vlady: sutnistʹ ta mekhanizmy realizatsii]. Legal Scientific Electronic Journal, (4), 43–47.
Hohensinn, L., Piller, F. T., Bogers, M., & Hilgers, D. (2019). Citizen participation in public administration: Investigating open government for social innovation. R&D Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12346
Holum, M. (2023). Citizen participation: Linking government efforts, actual participation, and trust in local politicians. International Journal of Public Administration, 46(13), 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2022.2036430
Kasianenko, Ye. (2019). Foreign practice of control over the activities of local self-government bodies: A theoretical and legal analysis [Zarubizhna praktyka zdiisnennia kontroliu za diialʹnistiu orhaniv mistsevoho samovriaduvannia]. Jurnalul juridic national: teorie şi practică, (12), 16–19.
Kosinov, S. A. (2016). Spheres of public control: A state-law perspective [Sfery hromadsʹkoho kontroliu: derzhavno-pravovyi aspekt]. Bulletin of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, 4(87), 56–65.
Krastev, I., & Holmes, S. (2019). The light that failed: Why the West is losing the fight for democracy. Pegasus Books.
Krupnyk, A. S. (2011). Public control [Hromadsʹkyi kontrolʹ]. In Encyclopedia of Public Administration (Vol. 1, pp. 113–115). Kyiv.
Kuleshov, V. V. (2020). Methods of public control over representative authorities: Foreign and domestic experience [Metody hromadsʹkoho kontroliu predstavnytsʹkykh orhaniv vlady]. Public Administration and Local Self-Government, 3(46), 24–34.
Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. (2012). Regarding expert proposals following the results of public expertise of the Ministry of Justice (Letter No. 12645-0-33-12/7.1). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v1264323-12#Text
Neuhodnikov, A. O. (2019). Public control over the activities of public administration entities: Approximation to international standards [Hromadsʹkyi kontrolʹ za diialʹnistiu subʺiektiv publichnoi administratsii]. Lex Portus, 6(20), 66–80.
Nironka, Y. (2019). The essence of public control over the activities of public authorities [Sutnistʹ hromadsʹkoho kontroliu za diialʹnistiu orhaniv publichnoi vlady]. Actual Problems of Jurisprudence, 2(18), 67–71.
Nironka, Y. M. (2022). International experience in the field of public control [Mizhnarodnyi dosvid u sferi hromadsʹkoho kontroliu]. Scientific Notes. Law Series, (12), 95–99.
Panfilov, O. Ye. (2021). The role of public expertise in the activities of executive authorities in public policy development and decision-making [Rolʹ hromadsʹkoi ekspertyzy diialʹnosti orhaniv vykonavchoi vlady]. In S. V. Kivalov (Ed.), Science and social life of Ukraine in the era of global challenges of humanity in the digital age (Vol. 2, pp. 51–53). Helvetyka Publishing House.
Public consultations online: Step by step. (2021). Guide for civil servants and civil society organisations. https://regional.rpr.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Publichni-konsul-tatsii-onlayn_-krok-za-krokom.pdf
Public Council at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. (2011). Regulation on the Public Council at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_38262
Pukhkal, O. H. (2010). Public control as an important factor of democratisation and efficiency of public administration [Hromadsʹkyi kontrolʹ yak vazhlyvyi chynnyk demokratyzatsii]. Investments: Practice and Experience, (14), 56–58.
Skvirskyi, I. O. (2013). Organisational forms of public control: Essence and content [Orhanizatsiini formy hromadsʹkoho kontroliu]. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod National University. Law Series, 22(1), 223–227.
Tsymbaliuk, V. I., & Kisilevych, K. O. (2017). Citizens’ appeals as an important component of protecting human and civil rights and freedoms in Ukraine [Zvernennia hromadian yak skladova zakhystu prav]. Young Scientist, 5.1(45.1), 149–154.
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (1992). Law of Ukraine “On information” (No. 2657-XII). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2657-12#Text
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (1996). Law of Ukraine “On citizens’ appeals” (No. 393/96-VR). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/393/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2008). Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On approval of the Procedure for facilitating public expertise of executive authorities’ activities” (No. 976). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/976-2008-%D0%BF#Text
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2010). Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On ensuring public participation in the formation and implementation of state policy” (No. 996). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/996-2010-%D0%BF#Text
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2011). Law of Ukraine “On access to public information” (No. 2939-VI). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2939-17#Text
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2014). Law of Ukraine “On prevention of corruption” (No. 1700-VII). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1700-18#Text
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2015). Law of Ukraine “On public procurement” (No. 922-VIII). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/922-19#Text
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2023). Draft Law on Integrity Lobbying (No. 10337). https://itd.rada.gov.ua/billInfo/Bills/Card/43386