Legal Protection for Consumer Buyers of Flats with a Sale and Purchase Agreement Made Under Hand through the Pre Project Selling System
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This research examines the legal protection for consumers who buy apartment units through pre-project selling schemes using underhand Sales and Purchase Agreement (PPJB). Although considered efficient by the developer, this practice puts consumers in a vulnerable position due to the absence of formal legal protection and without the involvement of a notary. This research uses a normative juridical approach to examine the lack of explicit sanctions in Article 43 of Law No. 20/2011 on Flats, which is often used by developers to avoid obligations. The findings show an imbalance in the legal power structure between consumers and developers, exacerbated by weak supervision and legal loopholes. PPJB, which should be made before a notary, is often used as an informal contract that does not provide effective protection for consumers. This research concludes that urgent regulatory reform is needed to require notarization of PPJBs and clarify administrative and civil sanctions for violations. The novelty of this research lies in the focus on the imbalance of legal power in PPS transactions and the proposal of prescriptive norms that ensure contractual justice for consumers.
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