Child rights in the family: Legal mechanisms for preventing violence and discrimination

Abstract

The article examines the problem of violence and discrimination against children in the family as a widespread yet often hidden violation of human rights. It analyzes international legal instruments, including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Lanzarote Convention, alongside Ukrainian legislation, such as the Family Code, the Law “On the Protection of Childhood,” and the Law “On the Prevention of Domestic Violence.” The study emphasizes the need for systematic and effective protection of children from physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence. It outlines the position of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child regarding the inadmissibility of corporal and degrading punishments and provides a classification of main types of violence and their impact on psychophysical development, socialization, interpersonal relationships, and mental health. Particular attention is given to intergenerational transmission of aggressive behavioral patterns resulting from traumatic experiences. The article stresses that international standards require not only legislative implementation but also effective mechanisms for enforcement, monitoring, and accountability. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights, including the case of D.P. & J.C. v. the United Kingdom, illustrates state responsibility for failing to respond adequately to violence against children. Contemporary statistical data show the high prevalence of domestic violence and its socio-psychological consequences, such as depressive conditions, difficulties in social adaptation, and the risk of reproducing violent behavior in adulthood. The study concludes that prevention requires strengthening interagency cooperation, creating safe reporting channels, and fostering zero tolerance for child abuse. An interdisciplinary approach integrating legal, psychological, and social measures is essential for effective prevention and ensuring the full development and well-being of children.