International compensation models for compensation for damage caused by armed aggression as tools for the protection of human rights

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of international compensation models for compensation for damage caused by military actions, with a special emphasis on the activities of the International Criminal Court. The legal nature of reparations as a tool for restoring the violated rights of victims as a result of international crimes is investigated. The main types of reparations are disclosed, in particular, restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition, as well as the features of their application in international practice. The mechanisms for implementing reparations in the activities of the ICC are analyzed, including the role of the Trust Fund for Victims. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the Court's modern practice, which demonstrates the gradual formation of a comprehensive approach to compensation for damage. International compensation mechanisms operating outside the ICC are investigated, in particular, the activities of the UN Compensation Commission and the creation of the Register of Damages for Ukraine as an element of the future compensation system. Their legal nature, functional features and significance for the formation of an effective compensation model are determined. Separately, the main problems of implementing international compensation mechanisms are analyzed, including limited financial resources, the complexity of implementing decisions, and institutional restrictions. It is established that existing mechanisms do not always provide full and timely compensation for victims. In this regard, the need to improve international compensation models through their institutional integration and expansion of funding sources is substantiated. Special emphasis is placed on the relevance of the researched issues for Ukraine in the context of armed aggression and the need to form an effective system of compensation for damage. As a result, a conclusion is formulated on the expediency of combining mechanisms of international criminal justice and specialized compensation instruments. It is substantiated that a comprehensive approach to compensation for damage is a key prerequisite for restoring the rights of victims and ensuring justice