The Editorial Board is pleased to present Volume 29, Issue 2 (2026) of LEGAL HORIZONS, an issue that reflects the growing complexity of contemporary legal systems and the increasing interconnection between national, regional, and international legal orders. The contributions assembled in this issue address a broad spectrum of legal challenges arising from economic transformation, technological innovation, armed conflict, environmental protection, migration, religious security, and the evolution of legal institutions. Collectively, they demonstrate how legal scholarship continues to respond to rapidly changing social realities while advancing theoretical understanding and practical solutions.
The issue opens with "Peculiarities of detecting criminal offences in the sphere of economic Activity," in which Bozhyk examines contemporary approaches to detecting and investigating economic crimes. The article analyzes procedural, evidentiary, and organizational aspects that influence the effectiveness of criminal justice mechanisms in combating increasingly sophisticated financial misconduct.
Issues of international and regional security are further explored in "Legal support for countering the cross-border spread of religious extremism: The experience of Central Asian states," where Zhetpissov and Yerbolatov analyze the legal frameworks adopted by Central Asian countries to address the transnational spread of religious extremism. Their comparative study highlights the importance of regional cooperation, harmonized legal regulation, and compliance with international human rights standards in responding to cross-border security threats.
Historical legal development remains an important source of understanding for modern jurisprudence. In "Ecclesiastical judiciary during the period of the Hetman state," Hryhorchuk, Shevchenko, and Honcharov examine the institutional organization, jurisdictional principles, and interaction between ecclesiastical and secular courts during one of the formative periods of Ukrainian statehood. Their research enriches contemporary legal history by shedding light on the evolution of judicial institutions.
The consequences of armed conflict and the search for effective remedies are addressed in "International compensation models for compensation for damage caused by armed aggression as tools for the protection of human rights," where Shevchenko and Badakhov evaluate existing international compensation mechanisms designed to provide redress for victims of armed aggression. The authors assess the strengths and limitations of these models and consider their role in strengthening accountability and protecting fundamental human rights.
Migration governance and national security form the focus of "Migration policy in the context of national and religious security: A comparative legal analysis of the Kazakhstan model and international experience." In this contribution, Shagieva and Bexultanov compare Kazakhstan's migration framework with international legal standards and foreign practices, offering valuable insights into balancing migration management, security concerns, and the protection of individual rights.
The challenges of financial innovation are examined in "Regulatory arbitrage in european union digital finance: development dynamics and Implementation Risks," where Voievodina explores how regulatory arbitrage develops within the European Union's digital financial ecosystem. The article discusses the opportunities and risks associated with regulatory divergence while emphasizing the need to preserve market integrity, legal certainty, and effective supervisory oversight.
The issue concludes with "Biological criteria for serious widespread harm in defining ecocide: Operationalizing ecological indicators for the purposes of international criminal law," in which Naboichenko proposes scientifically grounded biological criteria for assessing serious environmental harm within the emerging legal concept of ecocide. By integrating ecological indicators into legal analysis, the study contributes to the ongoing development of international environmental criminal law and strengthens discussions concerning accountability for large-scale environmental destruction.
Taken together, the articles published in this issue illustrate the multidimensional nature of contemporary legal scholarship. They combine doctrinal, comparative, historical, and interdisciplinary perspectives while addressing problems that transcend national borders and require innovative legal responses. The diversity of topics reflects the journal's commitment to promoting research that not only advances legal theory but also informs legislative development, judicial practice, public administration, and international cooperation.
The Editorial Board expresses its sincere gratitude to all authors for their valuable scholarly contributions and to the reviewers whose expertise and commitment to rigorous peer review have ensured the high academic standards of this issue. We also thank our readers for their continued interest in LEGAL HORIZONS and hope that the research presented in this volume will contribute meaningfully to ongoing legal discourse and inspire further academic inquiry into the challenges facing modern legal systems.

Foreword to Volume 28, Issue 1 of Legal Horizons

The present issue of LEGAL HORIZONS (Volume 28, Issue 1) brings together a collection of scholarly contributions that reflect the evolving challenges of law in conditions of profound societal transformation, particularly those shaped by armed conflict, technological advancement, and institutional change. The articles included in this issue offer both doctrinal insights and practical perspectives, addressing pressing questions at the intersection of public administration, human rights, criminal justice, and economic regulation.

The issue opens with the work of Mammadova, “Oblıgatıon of proof of the admınıstratıve body in admınıstratıve proceedıngs,” which contributes to the ongoing discourse on procedural fairness and accountability in public administration, emphasizing the importance of evidentiary standards in safeguarding individual rights.

Stepanenko and Dobrova, in their article “The mechanism for protecting the rights of internally displaced persons in Ukraine,” address a topic of acute relevance in the context of ongoing armed aggression. Their research highlights both the achievements and the systemic gaps in the existing legal framework, offering pathways for strengthening institutional responses to displacement.

In the article “Measures to prevent theft of other people's property in a state of war,” Sobko and Puiko focus on the transformation of criminal behavior during wartime and propose targeted preventive strategies adapted to extraordinary legal regimes.

Kubrak, in “Implementation of guarantees for the protection of children's rights through the prism of the principles of enforcement proceedings,” explores the practical realization of fundamental rights, emphasizing the role of enforcement mechanisms in ensuring effective legal protection for vulnerable groups.

The economic dimension of martial law is examined by Gerasymenko in the article “the impact of martial law on economic activity in Ukraine,” which provides a comprehensive assessment of regulatory adaptations and their implications for business continuity and economic resilience.

Sydor and Perepadin, in “Current issues in legal prevention and counteraction of crime in the field of information technologies,” address the growing significance of digital security and the need for adaptive legal frameworks in response to rapidly evolving technological threats.

Gradun presents an insightful study in “Criminal analysis as a tool for increasing the efficiency of pre-trial investigation in cases of serious crimes,” demonstrating the potential of analytical methodologies to improve both effectiveness and procedural quality in criminal justice.

Finally, Ishchenko, in “Features of civil society institutions’ participation in combating corruption in ukraine during armed aggression,” highlights the importance of civic engagement and institutional cooperation in maintaining transparency and accountability under extraordinary conditions.

Collectively, the contributions in this issue illustrate the resilience and adaptability of legal scholarship in addressing contemporary challenges. They reaffirm the vital role of law as both a stabilizing force and an instrument of transformation in times of crisis. The editorial board expresses its gratitude to the authors for their valuable contributions and to the reviewers for their rigorous and thoughtful evaluations.

We hope that this issue will serve as a meaningful resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, and will stimulate further research and dialogue on the critical issues shaping the future of law and society.

Editorial Board

LEGAL HORIZONS

Issue 27, Volume 4 of LEGAL HORIZONS brings together a diverse and conceptually rich collection of scholarly works that address enduring theoretical questions and pressing contemporary challenges in law, governance, and human rights. The contributions in this issue reflect the journal’s commitment to fostering interdisciplinary dialogue, historical reflection, and forward-looking legal analysis within both national and international contexts.

Several articles engage with the historical and theoretical foundations of legal institutions and doctrine. The issue opens with the article by S. Prylipko and V. Korolyova, “Staffing of judicial institutions under the judicial reform of 1864”, which offers a historical-legal analysis of judicial human resources as a foundational element of effective justice. By revisiting the judicial reform of the nineteenth century, the authors provide insights that remain relevant for understanding modern challenges of judicial independence and institutional capacity.

Comparative and transnational legal perspectives are developed in S. Masadikov’s study, “Common and civil law approaches to documentary evidence in international arbitration”. The article examines doctrinal differences and points of convergence between legal traditions, contributing to ongoing debates on procedural harmonization in international arbitration. Issues of legal doctrine and interpretation are further explored in O. Kunets’ article, “The relationship between judicial interpretation and the specification of legal norms: Theoretical approaches”, which systematizes theoretical models of judicial reasoning and their role in the development of law.

Public administration and democratic accountability form another important thematic block of the issue. V. Ladychenko and I. Lozinskyi, in “Areas and forms of public control over the activities of executive bodies”, analyze mechanisms of public oversight as a prerequisite for transparency and good governance. Closely connected to this is M. Lysak’s article, “The mechanism for ensuring human rights under contemporary state-building conditions”, which conceptualizes human rights protection as an integral component of modern state development.

The human-rights-oriented transformation of law enforcement is addressed in I. Sofina’s contribution, “Theoretical approaches to determining the functional purpose of the national police in the context of human rights”. The author emphasizes the shift from a predominantly coercive model of policing toward a service-based and rights-centered approach.

Special attention in this issue is given to the protection of vulnerable groups and to legal responses under extraordinary conditions. N. Stepanenko and D. Rudenko, in “Child rights in the family: Legal mechanisms for preventing violence and discrimination”, examine preventive and protective legal instruments aimed at safeguarding children’s rights within the family. Y. Hotsuliak’s article, “Compulsory expropriation and property compensation under martial law in transitional justice”, addresses complex questions of property rights, compensation, and justice in the context of martial law and post-conflict transition.

The issue concludes with the article by O. Korystin and G. Sobko, “Current state and prospects for the development of the system of criminal law protection of sexual freedom and sexual integrity of the individual in Ukraine”, which provides a thorough analysis of contemporary criminal law mechanisms and outlines directions for their further improvement in line with international standards.

Together, the articles in this issue of LEGAL HORIZONS provide nuanced perspectives on law’s capacity to respond to historical legacies, societal transformation, and contemporary crises. We trust that this volume will be of interest to scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, and will stimulate further research and debate on the evolving horizons of legal science.

It is with great pleasure that we present Volume 26, Issue 3 of LEGAL HORIZONS, a collection of articles that exemplifies the breadth, depth, and interdisciplinary nature of contemporary legal scholarship. This issue brings together contributions that span comparative law, legal theory, socio-legal studies, and emerging challenges in digital and environmental governance, highlighting the dynamic interaction between law and society in the twenty-first century.

Our issue opens with Anna Petrenko’s “The Dutch experience of implementing restorative justice in criminal proceedings: Prospects for Ukrainian justice”, which examines restorative justice in the Netherlands and offers insights into its potential adaptation within the Ukrainian justice system. This comparative perspective underscores the importance of cross-jurisdictional learning in the pursuit of effective criminal justice reform. Complementing this, Serhii Prylypko’s Organizational and legal mechanisms of the functioning of the social state provides a thorough analysis of the institutional and legal frameworks underpinning the functioning of the social state, while Svitlana Bieliavska’s The concept of property in Roman civil law and its evolution traces the evolution of the concept of property from Roman civil law to its contemporary implications.

Several contributions explore pressing policy and governance challenges. Juwita Manurung, Fadli Moh, Koeswahyono Imam, Permadi Iwan, and Wibisono Anditya Ariest’s The Legal Politics of Agrarian Reform in Jakarta and the Marginalization of Land Cultivators scrutinizes agrarian reform in Jakarta, highlighting the marginalization of land cultivators. Similarly, Rahmah Sherina Azkia, Sihabudin, and Dewantara Reka’s Legal Politics of Investment Screening in Indonesia’s Foreign Investment Reform examines the legal politics of investment screening in Indonesia’s foreign investment reform. Sasmitaningrum Dini, Widhiyanti Hanif Nur, and Anggraini Erna’s Legal Protection for Consumer Buyers of Flats with a Sale and Purchase Agreement Made Under Hand through the Pre Project Selling System addresses consumer protection in real estate transactions, a subject of increasing relevance in rapidly urbanizing contexts.

This issue also engages with the legal and ethical implications of contemporary technological and environmental challenges. Oleksii Shamov’s AI and copyright: From a doctrinal crisis to a hybrid model of collective licensing analyses the intersection of artificial intelligence and copyright law, proposing a hybrid model of collective licensing. Nataliia Stepanenko and Kostiantyn Perepadin’s Ensuring human rights in the context of digital technologies during an armed conflict explores human rights protections amid digital technologies during armed conflict. Viktoriia Sydor and Yuri Ishchenko’s Legal aspects of environmental terrorism in the context of the war in Ukraine: New challenges to global security examines legal responses to environmental terrorism in Ukraine, emphasizing emerging threats to global security. Finally, Olena Kalmykova and Yuliia Vyshnevska’s Administrative and legal support for psychological support and rehabilitation of servicemen of the armed forces of Ukraine provides a detailed study of administrative and legal frameworks supporting the psychological rehabilitation of Ukrainian servicemen, highlighting the critical intersection of law, policy, and human welfare.

Taken together, these contributions reflect the journal’s ongoing commitment to advancing rigorous, policy-relevant, and socially attuned legal scholarship. They illustrate how law operates both as a framework for societal organization and as a tool for addressing contemporary challenges—from restorative justice and agrarian reform to AI, digital rights, and environmental security. We are confident that this issue will provide readers with rich insights, stimulate scholarly debate, and inform practical reforms in legal systems worldwide.

We extend our sincere gratitude to the authors for their outstanding contributions and to our reviewers for their careful and constructive feedback. We hope that Volume 26, Issue 3 of Legal Horizons will inspire further research, dialogue, and innovation across the global legal community.

— Editorial Board, LEGAL HORIZONS

This issue of LEGAL HORIZONS  Volume 25, Issue 2 (2025) brings together a diverse and thought-provoking collection of articles that reflect the multifaceted challenges and transformations taking place across contemporary legal systems in both national and transnational contexts. The editorial board is proud to present nine scholarly contributions that not only explore pressing legal issues but also offer novel theoretical frameworks and practical recommendations for reform. Each article in this volume offers fresh insight into legal transformations occurring across different jurisdictions, reflecting the dynamic interaction between legal tradition and innovation.
Opening the issue “Judicial overreach and the rise of the positive legislator: A constitutional analysis of Indonesia’s constitutional court” by Faisyah, Ali Safa’at, and Susmayanti present a constitutional analysis of Indonesia’s Constitutional Court, illuminating the growing tension between judicial authority and legislative prerogative. Their discussion on judicial overreach and the emergence of the court as a "positive legislator" is both timely and provocative, especially in light of recent constitutional developments in the region. 
In a comparative turn, Manyilova and Norchuk “Legal principles of digitalization of public administration in Ukraine: Challenges and perspectives” delve into the legal principles underlying the digitalization of public administration in Ukraine, identifying both opportunities and risks. Their work bridges theory and institutional practice, offering valuable insights for policymakers navigating digital transformation.
In “Civil-law regulation of electronic contracts: Current challenges in marketing and the digital economy”, Zahorodnii, Nadiienko, and Artemenko address the evolving landscape of civil-law regulation in the realm of electronic contracts. They examine current marketing challenges and the digital economy, offering a nuanced understanding of contract law's adaptation to new commercial realities.
Myroslavskyi contributes with “The role of AI in standardizating contracts and its impact on business process optimization”, offering a forward-looking analysis of how artificial intelligence tools can reshape the structure, negotiation, and performance of contracts in the business sphere. His analysis contributes to the growing discourse on how legal tools can integrate with emerging technologies to enhance economic efficiency and reduce transactional risks.
The regulatory challenges of emerging mobility technologies are discussed in "The Urgency of Regulating Electric Bicycles in the Road Traffic and Transportation Law in the Era of Technological Advancement" by Tabani Cahyaning Ekwandi, Noerdajasakti, and Yuliati. Their article proposes legal reforms to ensure the safe and equitable integration of electric bicycles into existing transport systems.
“Judges' parameters in deciding divorce on the grounds of onheelbare tweespalt” by Chyntia, Sulistyarini, and Hadisuryo  examines the Dutch-originated legal ground of irreparable breakdown in marital relations, as interpreted by Indonesian judges. Their work examines how cultural and doctrinal elements intersect in judicial decisions and adds a comparative dimension to family law jurisprudence.
Further addressing Indonesia’s constitutional framework, “Reforming ethical oversight mechanisms for constitutional court justices in Indonesia” by Nasilah, Negara, and Dwi Prasetyo analyzes current deficiencies in ethical supervision and proposes systemic reforms to reinforce judicial accountability. Their call for reforming oversight mechanisms underscores the critical need for integrity and accountability at the highest levels of judicial power.
Environmental and criminal law intersect in “Criminological and criminalistic bases of illegal engagement in fishing, hunting, or other water-based extractive industries” by Denisova and Sobko. The article adopts an interdisciplinary approach to understanding and curbing ecological crime, highlighting both legislative and enforcement challenges.
The issue concludes with “Prosecutor participation in criminal mediation: Legal regulation, challenges, and ways to overcome them” by Petrenko. Focusing on Ukraine, the author evaluates the normative basis and procedural realities of prosecutorial involvement in restorative justice, offering concrete proposals for legal and institutional improvement.
Together, these contributions showcase the dynamism of contemporary legal scholarship and the shared commitment of jurists, scholars, and practitioners to respond to complex societal transformations with rigor, critical insight, and an eye toward justice. We thank our contributors and peer reviewers for their dedication, and we invite our readers to engage deeply with the ideas presented in this issue.
The Editorial Board
LEGAL HORIZONS 

The first issue of LEGAL HORIZONS  for 2025 (issue 24, No. 1) offers a diverse and timely exploration of legal challenges and transformations in both national and comparative contexts. As societies across the globe confront complex socio-political dynamics, rapid technological advancement, and the evolving demands of justice, the articles in this volume collectively underscore the importance of legal adaptability, accountability, and inclusivity. The thematic diversity of the contributions reflects the authors’ deep engagement with legal challenges faced by various jurisdictions and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary and comparative approaches in contemporary legal scholarship.

Opening this issue, article by D.B. Satria, Sudarsono, and Istislam, titled “The urgency of reformulating electric bicycle regulation in Indonesia: A comparative analysis with the United States and the European Union in realizing legal certainty and driving safety”. The authors highlight the pressing need to update Indonesia’s legal framework concerning electric bicycles. Drawing on comparative insights from the United States and the European Union, the article outlines pathways toward enhanced legal certainty and improved traffic safety. This study is particularly relevant in light of global trends toward sustainable mobility and evolving urban transportation policies.

Also featured in this issue is the contribution by G. Sobko examines the phenomenon of public intimidation linked to terrorist threats through both criminal law and criminological lenses. In his article "Criminal law and criminological aspects of intimidation of the population concerning terrorist threats" author analyses the existing legal frameworks and underscores the need for their enhancement in light of current security realities.

The contribution by R. Denaryo, Y.A. Setia Negara, and Sh. Hadiyantina, entitled "Public information disclosure in the process of providing legal considerations by the attorney general's office: A legal comparison between Indonesia and India", offers a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks in Indonesia and India regarding public access to legal information. The authors shed light on the challenge of balancing prosecutorial transparency with the effectiveness of legal processes.

In the article "Family legal relations in the context of gender equality: Legal protection of women and men", O. Ivanii explores the evolution of family legal relations in the context of gender equality. The author emphasizes the need for a balanced legal approach that ensures the rights of both women and men and identifies potential avenues for legislative reform.

M.Sh. Adhim and A. Madjid, in their piece "The dynamics of judicial independence in corruption sentencing: Between judicial discretion and the principle of legal certainty", address the complex interplay between judicial independence and legal certainty in adjudicating corruption cases. Their analysis considers how judicial discretion can align with societal expectations of fairness and consistency in anti-corruption efforts.

The article "Effectiveness of land redistribution policy in agrarian reform program: Implementation analysis and solutions to land reform land registration obstacles" by D.S.S. Wijayanti, I. Koeswahyono, and L.D. Andreassari focuses on the practical implementation of agrarian reform. The authors identify obstacles to land registration and offer concrete solutions, which may be relevant to other countries undergoing land reform processes.

Concluding this issue, the article by S. Larasati, I. Permadi, and Herlindah, "Effectiveness of supervision of transfer of infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities (PSU) functions into commercial buildings in Malang: A socio-legal approach in the perspective of good governance", employs a socio-legal approach to assess oversight mechanisms concerning the conversion of public infrastructure into commercial use. The study emphasizes the need for transparency, accountability, and adherence to the principles of good governance.

Together, these contributions not only reflect the journal's commitment to scholarly rigor and cross-border legal inquiry, but also enrich the ongoing dialogue on justice, governance, and reform in an interconnected world. We trust that readers will find this issue intellectually stimulating and practically relevant.

This issue of LEGAL HORIZONS  contributes meaningfully to the international legal discourse and invites readers to engage critically with the transformative processes shaping the effectiveness and fairness of legal systems.

— Editorial Board,

LEGAL HORIZONS 

This issue of LEGAL HORIZONS —Issue 23, No. 4 (2024) — brings together a compelling collection of articles that examine contemporary legal issues through both national and international lenses. As legal systems worldwide grapple with emerging challenges — from environmental sustainability to the evolving scope of human rights. This edition offers valuable insights into the doctrinal, institutional, and normative dimensions of law in today’s global context.

The volume opens with Dinan, A.M., Herlindah, and Jauharoh, A., who in the article “Juridical analysis of the setting of ptsl fees in the context of legal certainty of land rights” explore the juridical aspects of setting fees for the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program. Their analysis focuses on legal certainty and the rights of landholders, contributing to the broader discourse on equitable access to land administration.

O. Yatsun provides a comparative study of constitutional frameworks governing human rights restrictions during martial law. Drawing on international legal instruments and national practices, the article “International approaches to constitutional and legal regulation of human rights restrictions during martial law” highlights the delicate balance between security imperatives and the preservation of fundamental freedoms.

Land law continues to be a focal point with the contribution from Ansori, M., Permadi, I., and Supriyadi, who examine legal constructions for the designation of land boundaries. Their work “The legal construction of land boundary designation: Efforts to prevent disputes in land administration” addresses both practical and normative issues in preventing disputes, thereby reinforcing trust in land governance.

In a thought-provoking examination of the intersections between law, medicine, and ethics, M. Dei discusses the influence of palliative care on the fulfillment of the “Right to Life” and “Right to Dignity.” The article ““Right to Life” and “Right to Dignity” within the framework of human rights protection: Influence of palliative care and medicine on the fulfillment” underscores the importance of human-centered legal interpretations in the field of health and end-of-life care.

Sidabutar, M., Cholil, Yu., and Widhiawati, D. tackle a controversial and timely issue: the position of notaries in corruption cases related to land acquisition. Their analysis “The position of notaries in land acquisition corruption cases: Between abuse of authority and criminalization of profession” questions the fine line between legitimate professional conduct and potential abuse, shedding light on systemic vulnerabilities and the risk of criminalizing professional roles.

The issue also turns its focus to social rights, as E. Titko “The practice of protecting women's social rights: The experience of Italy” presents an insightful study on the protection of women's social rights through the Italian experience. This article broadens the conversation on gender justice and socio-economic inclusion within legal systems.

Finally, Silaen, J.A.F., Sudarsono, and Prasetyo, N.D. propose a forward-looking regulatory model for environmentally friendly election campaigns in Indonesia. Their work “Regulatory design of environmentally friendly election campaigns in encouraging the realization of green elections in Indonesia” promotes the integration of ecological principles into democratic processes, aligning legal regulation with sustainable development goals.

Together, the articles in this issue not only reflect the richness and diversity of contemporary legal scholarship but also provide critical tools for understanding and shaping the legal realities of our time. We invite our readers—academics, practitioners, and policymakers alike—to engage with these contributions and to continue fostering dialogue at the intersection of law, society, and global change.

—Editorial Board
LEGAL HORIZONS 

It is with great pleasure that we present Issue 22, No. 3 of LEGAL HORIZONS, a compilation of thought-provoking and timely legal scholarship that addresses a wide array of contemporary legal challenges. This edition features insightful contributions from distinguished scholars across various jurisdictions, offering critical analyses and comparative perspectives on pressing legal issues.

The issue begins with G. Sobko’s article “MENTAL COERCION AS A CIRCUMSTANCE EXCLUDING THE CRIMINALITY OF AN ACT IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME THAT INFRINGES ON LIFE” examination of mental coercion as a circumstance excluding the criminality of an act in the commission of a crime that infringes on life. This article provides an in-depth exploration of how mental coercion may serve as a legal defense and its implications within criminal law doctrine.

Building on the theme of criminal justice, F.A. Pascawati, P. Djatmika, and M. Istiqomah analyze the urgency of exclusionary rules regulation in the Indonesian criminal justice system. Their study “URGENCY OF EXCLUSIONARY RULES REGULATION IN INDONESIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM” evaluates the necessity of clear legal frameworks governing the admissibility of evidence obtained through unlawful means, a crucial issue in ensuring due process and the protection of fundamental rights.

V. Hudz in “EXPERT CONCLUSION AS A KEY SOURCE OF EVIDENCE IN CASES OF CORRUPTION OFFENSES BY OFFICIALS” delves into expert conclusions as key sources of evidence in cases of corruption offenses by officials, highlighting the essential role expert testimony plays in securing convictions and ensuring judicial integrity in corruption-related cases.

The issue also addresses juvenile justice concerns, with F.F. Yan Putri, P. Djatmika, and Y. Cholil discussing in their article “MINIMUM AGE LIMIT OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CHILD DRUG COURIERS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD” the minimum age limit of criminal responsibility for child drug couriers based on the principle of the best interest of the child. Their research underscores the complexities of balancing legal accountability with the protection of children from criminal exploitation.

From a civil law perspective, P.R. Permatasari, R. Sulistyarini, and Y.E. Widyanti conduct in research “RATIO DECIDENDI ANALYSIS IN THE SETTLEMENT OF MARITAL PROPERTY DISPUTES: IMPLICATIONS FOR LEGAL PRACTICE IN INDONESIA” a ratio decidendi analysis in the settlement of marital property disputes, exploring how judicial reasoning shapes outcomes and implications for legal practice in Indonesia.

Shifting focus to administrative law, I. Zhukova in “PROPOSALS FOR TRANSFORMING THE STAGES OF REGISTRATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION” proposes transformative measures for the registration stages in public administration within general secondary education, advocating for improved efficiency and legal clarity in regulatory frameworks.

Lastly, V. Shcherbyna presents in “ALIGNING UKRAINIAN LABOR LEGISLATION WITH EU STANDARDS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSPARENCY AND PREDICTABILITY IN EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS” a comparative analysis of aligning Ukrainian labor legislation with EU standards, particularly regarding transparency and predictability in employment conditions. This study offers valuable insights into Ukraine’s legal harmonization efforts within the European legal landscape.

We hope that this issue of LEGAL HORIZONS will contribute to meaningful legal discourse and inspire further aademic and practical developments. We extend our sincere gratitude to the authors, peer reviewers, and editorial board members for their invaluable contributions.

The Editorial Board

LEGAL HORIZONS 

Dear Readers,

We are pleased to present Issue 21, No. 2 of LEGAL HORIZONS, which brings together a diverse array of scholarly contributions addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities in legal regulation, criminal justice, and technological innovation. The articles in this issue reflect the dynamic interplay between theoretical research and its application to emerging legal complexities in a globalized world.

The issue opens with Andrii Matyash, who explores the “Challenges and prospects of legal regulation of advertising on online platforms”. This article examines the increasing need for balanced and enforceable regulations in the digital advertising sector, addressing concerns over transparency, consumer protection, and fair competition.

Volodymyr Bezditnyi continues the discussion on digital markets with his article on the “Legal regulation of competition in online trade and the role of marketplaces as trade administrators”. He highlights the transformative influence of marketplaces in shaping trade dynamics, emphasizing the legal challenges of ensuring competitive fairness in these rapidly evolving environments.

Turning to criminal law and investigation, Ganna Sobko and Irina Tesliuk present an insightful analysis of “Theoretical and modern approaches to the search for a suspect”. Their work delves into the evolving investigative techniques and legal frameworks aimed at balancing efficiency with the protection of individual rights.

Tamara Kortukova and Yelyzaveta Yemets provide a timely contribution with their article on “Temporary protection in the European Union: A legal analysis”. This article sheds light on the EU’s approach to managing humanitarian crises through temporary protection mechanisms, offering a critical examination of their legal foundations and practical implications.

In the realm of criminal law theory, Vitaly Kuts and Trynova Yana explore “Concerning the concept of criminal offense and its types”. Their article revisits fundamental questions of classification and definition, proposing frameworks to enhance clarity and consistency in criminal law.

Oleksandr Babikov addresses a crucial area of procedural law in his article on “Additional guarantees of observance of the rights and freedoms of specially designated subjects during the conduct of covert investigative (search) actions”. The author critically evaluates existing safeguards and proposes enhancements to ensure the protection of fundamental rights in high-stakes investigations.

Finally, Iryna Sopilko examines one of the most pressing modern challenges in “Strengthening cybersecurity in Ukraine: Legal frameworks and technical strategies for ensuring cyberspace integrity”. Her work bridges the legal and technical domains, offering a comprehensive strategy to bolster national cybersecurity resilience.

We hope that this issue not only enriches academic discourse but also serves as a practical resource for legal practitioners, policymakers, and researchers. The diverse topics covered herein underscore the journal’s commitment to addressing both longstanding and emerging issues in law through rigorous scholarship.

Thank you for your continued support of LEGAL HORIZONS.

Sincerely,

The Editorial Board

LEGAL HORIZONS

We are pleased to present Issue No. 1-2024 of LEGAL HORIZONS, a scientific journal dedicated to exploring contemporary legal developments and fostering academic discussions on pressing issues in the legal field. This issue presents a diverse range of articles addressing complex challenges and offering insightful analyses across different aspects of law, regulation, and human rights.
We open with an examination by Oleksandr Babikov “SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS DURING JUDICIAL REVIEW OF COVERT INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS”, an area of growing importance as technology and privacy concerns intersect with security demands. Babikov’s article highlights the critical balance required in ensuring both effective investigation processes and the protection of individual rights.
The issue continues with a joint analysis by Imam Tanthowi, Herlindah, and Supriyadi “LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR THE INCREASE OF HGB TO RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP OF SHOPS/OFFICE HOUSES”, exploring the impact of regulatory frameworks on property stability and ownership transitions. Their work is complemented by Kateryna Tiazhkorob’s article “LEGAL REGULATION OF ONLINE PUBLICATIONS IN UKRAINE: CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS” on the legal regulation of online publications in Ukraine, a timely exploration of the challenges and development prospects that digital publication brings to the forefront in today's information society.
Another noteworthy article “ANALYSIS OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-BASED FINANCING SCHEMES WITH COPYRIGHT COLLATERAL FOR BANK FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS” by Chendie Eka Putri, Sihabudin, and Dyah Widhiawati provides a comprehensive analysis of intellectual property-based financing schemes, focusing on copyright as collateral for bank financial institutions—a novel approach with significant implications for intellectual property law and financial practices.
Further broadening our scope, Marcheliani Dita Susanto, Budi Santoso, and Ngesti Dwi Prasetyo offer a juridical review of transforming single-owner corporations into limited liability partnerships. Their research “THE JURIDICAL REVIEW OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF SINGLE-OWNER CORPORATIONS INTO LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIPS: LEGAL IMPACTS AND BUSINESS PRACTICES” delves into the legal impacts and practical business outcomes of such transformations, reflecting the evolving nature of corporate structures in modern economies.
This issue also includes an insightful article “FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN POLITICAL AUTHORITY AND CIVIL SOCIETY” by Inna V. Sylantieva provides a comparative analysis of international practices in the interaction between political authority and civil society, contributing a global perspective to the complex relationship between governance and citizen participation.
Finally, in article “THE LEGAL RATIONALE BEHIND THE DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES BY FOUNDERS IN INDONESIA” Didha Narin Aiza, Budi Santoso, and R. Imam Rahmat Syafi’i on the rationale behind minimum capital requirements for limited liability companies in Indonesia. Their study presents a nuanced perspective on capital regulations, which are central to corporate stability and investor protection.
Each article in this issue offers valuable perspectives and fosters a deeper understanding of the evolving legal landscape. We are confident that the diverse topics and analyses presented will engage our readers and inspire further research and dialogue within the legal community.
On behalf of the editorial team, we extend our sincere gratitude to the authors and readers of LEGAL HORIZONS

Yurii Harust,
Editor-in-Chief

On behalf of the Editorial Board, I am delighted to announce the publication of issue No. 4-2023 of the scientific journal LEGAL HORIZONS.

The issue is opened by the article of Herasym Dei, Maryna Dei, and Anastasiia Kutynska on the topic «The Role of the State in Digitalization of Education.» The article explores the dynamics of digitalization in Ukraine’s public administration and education, emphasizing the state’s role in enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of services, while highlighting challenges and recommending European experiences for improvement.

The issue continues with a piece by Galyna Didkivska and Dmytro Shevchenko on «Basic Principles of Combating Cybercrime: International Experience,» which analyzes the increasing importance of innovative processes in society and the corresponding rise in computer crimes, highlighting the necessity for state-level systems to combat this issue.

Another article by Dmytro Shevchenko and Galyna Didkivska, titled «The Influence of Mitigating and Aggravating Circumstances on the Application of Criminal Responsibility for Family Violence Against a Person,» examines the factors influencing violent behavior rooted in family relations and the impact of such circumstances on criminal punishment.

Inna Dudyk’s article «Ways to Enhance the Operations of Interregional Territorial Departments of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine: Ensuring Unity in Safeguarding Economic Competition» provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure and functions of the Committee’s territorial branches, emphasizing their critical role in regional control over compliance with economic competition legislation.

The next article, «Concept and Content of Professional Ethics of a Mediator,» authored by Veronica Horielova and Yulia Vishnevska, delves into the ethical standards governing the profession of mediation.

The issue concludes with the article «Copyright and Intellectual Property in Internet Marketing Amid Crisis» by Yuliia Kamardina and Dmytro Zahorodnii, which examines the critical role of copyright and intellectual property in the rapidly evolving digital marketing landscape, especially during periods of crisis.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, I sincerely thank the authors and readers of LEGAL HORIZONS!

Yurii Harust,
Editor-in-Chief

On behalf of the Editorial Board, I am delighted to announce the publication of issue No3-2023 of the scientific journal LEGAL HORIZONS. The issue is opened by the article “Methods of funding innovations and sources of investment capital in Ukraine”, AlHayali Darid analyzes diverse strategies for funding innovation and provides insights into the numerous approaches, challenges, and viewpoints that should guide entrepreneurs, companies, and policymakers.

The issue continues with the article “The concept and types of implementation of the international law norms on healthcare in the national legislation” by F.E. Huseynova. The article defines the concept of implementation and characterizes the main ways of implementing international legal norms into national legislation by transformation and incorporation. The author provides examples of implementing international legal norms into the legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The article “Biomedical issues necessitating legal regulation of genetics” is written by Parvina Ismayilova adopts a comprehensive approach to explore the legal framework regulating biomedical research in genetic treatment. By delving into international legislation and comparing it with different countries’ legal systems, the article sheds light on essential principles of genetic science applied worldwide.

Furthermore, the article “Jurisdictional immunity of a foreign state under English law” is written by Yevgen Popko. The article examines the current trends in the regulation of relations on granting jurisdictional immunity to a foreign state in the legal systems of foreign countries on the example of Great Britain. The author identifies the basic principles of development of this institution in the UK, their reflection on the rules of English law, and emphasizes the problems associated with the application of state immunity in private law relations.

In the article of Iryna Sofinska and Chen Friedberg “Constitutional amendments: comparative (re)view in contemporary constitutionalism”. This article sheds light on existing political, legal, and legislative constitutional amending patterns in selected European countries. It primarily focuses on the (un)successful tools, mechanisms, and procedures for amending the Constitution (initiative, drafting, adoption, and implementation of high-stakes political, legal, and legislative decisions by Parliament and approval by the national referendum on constitutional amendments).

The next article in this issue is the paper “Priority areas of housing for citizens in conditions of war and post-war transformation” by Anastasiia Volkova. The issue of providing citizens with minimal guarantees and ensuring the observance of socioeconomic human rights becomes particularly relevant in the context of war and postwar transformation. Rights such as freedom of movement, pension and social security, employment, education, an adequate standard of living, housing, equality, and protection against discrimination have become critically vulnerable.

Finally, in his article “Legal aspects of sport: a study of the sambo”, Assan Zholdasbay analyses international and national legislation on sambo, examines the activities of international organisations in the field of sambo, and identifies problematic issues in the regulation of sambo in Ukraine and ways to solve them.

On behalf of the Editorial Board, I sincerely thank the authors and readers of LEGAL HORIZONS !

Yurii Harust,

Editor-in-Chief

We are pleased to present you Issue No. 2-2023 of the professional publication “LEGAL HORIZONS”.
This issue opens with an article by Anatolii Shevchenko and Valeriia Antoshkina titled “Modern Legal Education in Ukraine as the Basis of Professional Activity: Problems and Prospects.” The article thoroughly examines the significance of legal education, taking into consideration the imperative to reform the judicial system, align national legislation with European Union standards, and safeguard national interests amidst the backdrop of armed aggression.

Equally pertinent is the article by Tamara Kortukova and Liliia Nevara, titled “Features of the Principle of Non-Discrimination in International Trade and Economic Law”. This article delves into the research of the non-discrimination principle’s characteristics within international trade and economic law, fostering international cooperation despite disparities in political, economic, and social systems.

In her article, Olena Sokalska addresses “Controversial Questions About the Ideological Origins of the Pennsylvania System of Prison Discipline”. This piece explores the historical origins and theoretical foundations of the corrective punishment model implemented at Walnut Street Prison and the system of solitary confinement at Eastern State Penitentiary.

Yevgen Popko’s study, “Development of the State Jurisdictional Immunity Institution in Private International Law”, delves into the pivotal trends shaping the evolution of this institutional framework, provides insight into the concept of immunity, and scrutinizes its implications within the domain of legal norms.

Continuing the discourse, Shrastan Yusubov’s article, “Legal Regulation of Other Forms of Direct Democracy in the Republic of Azerbaijan: Current Situation, Problems, and Solutions”, investigates the existing state of affairs and challenges in regulating alternative forms of direct democracy in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Zarifa Mammadova’s article, «Administrative Proceedings and Its Nature», seeks to address the complexities that emerge in the regulation of relations between citizens and state administrative bodies.

On behalf of the editorial team, we extend our sincere gratitude to the authors and readers of “LEGAL HORIZONS.”

On behalf of the Editorial Board, I am delighted to announce the publication of No1-2023 of the specialized professional edition “LEGAL HORIZONS ”. The first is the article by Oleksii Malovatskyi “The correlation of the responsibility of the individual and the state within the legal framework as a prerequisite for international legal responsibility of the state”, which scrutinizes the category of the “responsibility of an individual and a state before the law” and determines the correlation through a systematic analysis of its general and special characterological and identification features, and on this basis to attempt to respond to the question if a state is responsible to a person in international law.

No less relevant is the article by Iryna Sofinska “Ratification of the Rome Statute in time of geopolitical and legal reconsideration: mission is (im) possible”. In this paper, the author scrutinizes both legal and political issues of legal and political narratives regarding the accession of Ukraine to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Ukraine signed it in 2000 but has not ratified it till now due to political tensions and legal (legislative) disparities.

The aim of the article is to outline the importance for every democratic country (which guarantees human rights, the rule of law, and fairness) to be a party-state to the International Criminal Court.

Yevhen Popko in his article “International Private Law Relations of the state: Subjective Characteristic” examines the theoretical and legal foundations of the state as a subject of international private law relations and its special status. The author studies the immunity of the state as a subject of the private international law and defines a range of relations, in which the state may act as a subject of international law.

The next article in this issue is the paper by Khanimana Gafarova “Inheritance statute: the comparative analysis of the legislation of different states”. The author considers the issue of basic international hereditary relations, which are deemed to be one of the urgent problems of our time. Studies of international legislation in the field of inheritance and conducting a comparative analysis demonstrated significant differences, the absence of an international regulatory mechanism in this area or the presence of certain legal gaps.

Sima Suleymanli in the article “The key principles of international law as the legal grounds for the fight against illegal traffic of cultural heritage objects” highlights the features of the substantive principles of international law as the legal basis for fighting the illegal circulation of cultural heritage objects.

The paper by Shafa Guliyeva “Legal shortcomings of accounting for leasing operations in the legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan and proposals for their solution” considers the features of leasing operations in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The focus is on the regulatory basis and legal aspects of the control of leasing operations.

The issue continues with an article by Saftar Rahimli “The founding of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and its historical significance in terms of international law within Azerbaijani territory: toponym of Azerbaijan”. The novelty of the manuscript is in detailed clarification of the status of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in the system of international relations.

The study by Inna Rakipova, Anastasiia Pidgorodynska, and Andriy Melnyk “Concepts, forms, types and main categories of human rights communication of the victim in criminal proceedings” examines the problem of human rights communication of the victim in criminal proceedings, defines the doctrinal concept of human rights communication of the victim, its forms, types, and the main categories, which include the communicative position of the victim, communicative equality, communicative guarantees, and communicative barriers.

On behalf of the editorial team, we sincerely thank the authors and readers of “LEGAL HORIZONS ”!

Yurii Harust, Editor-in-Chief